Background information

Downstream applications

• Figure 1

  PBMCs were stimulated with 1 µg/mL SEB for 16 hours. The responding cells were stained according to secretion of IL-4 using the IL-4 Secretion Assay - Detection Kit. In the stimulated sample, 0.307% of all CD4 + T cells secreted IL-4. In the unstimulated control sample, 0.004% of all CD4 + T cells secreted IL-4.

  Stimulated sample	Unstimulated control

• Selected references

  1. Deepe, G. S. et al. (2009) The CCL7-CCL2-CCR2 axis regulates IL-4 production in lungs and fungal immunity. J. Immunol. 183(3): 1964-1974
  2. Brosterhus, H. et al. (1999) Enrichment and detection of live antigen-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells based on cytokine secretion. Eur. J. Immunol. 29: 4053-4059
  3. Akdis et al. (2000) MACS&more 4: 9-10
  4. Oelke, M. et al. (2000)
     Functional characterization of CD8

     ⁺

     antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes after enrichment based on cytokine secretion: comparison with the MHC-tetramer technology.
     Scand. J. Immunol. 52: 544-549
  5. Deniz, G. et al. (2002) Human NK1 and NK2 subsets determined by purification of IFN-gamma-secreting and IFN-gamma-nonsecreting NK cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 32: 879-884
  6. Akdis, M. et al. (2004) Immune responses in healthy and allergic individuals are characterized by a fine balance between allergen-specific T regulatory 1 and T helper 2 cells. J. Exp. Med. 199: 1567-1575
  7. Araki, M. et al. (2002)
     Tʜ2 bias of CD4

     ⁺

     NKT cells derived from multiple sclerosis in remission.
     Int. Immunol. 15: 279-288
  8. Veldman, C. et al. (2003) Dichotomy of autoreactive Th1 and Th2 cell responses to desmoglein 3 in patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and healthy carriers of PV-associated HLA class II alleles. J. Immunol. 170: 635-642
  9. Schwaiger, S. et al. (2003)
     IL-4-producing CD8

     ⁺

     T cells with a CD62L

     ^++(bright)

     phenotype accumulate in a subgroup of older adults and are associated with the maintenance of intact humoral immunity in old age.
     J. Immunol. 170: 613-619

• Special protocols

  Detection of cytokine-secreting cells
  Two-color Cytokine Secretion Assays
  Combined staining of cytokine-secreting cells with peptide-MHC tetramers
  Detection of cytokine-secreting cells from whole blood