YILIMART - TLR9 Explorer

Oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG ODNs) are widely used for activation of immune cells, such as human PBMCs, murine splenocytes or isolated immune cells, e.g., B cells and pDCs. They also activate signalling in TLR9-expressing recombinant cell lines.

This kit consists of four different CpG ODNs for stimulation of the TLR9 receptor and their respective control ODNs. It comprises agonists of the A-class (ODN 2216), B-class (ODN 2006), C-class (ODN 2395) and P-class (ODN 21798).

Background information

TLR9 is a prominent member of the toll-like-receptor (TLR) family recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns. TLR9 recognizes specifically unmethylated CpG motifs in bacterial DNA leading to activation of immune cells

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. These effects can be mimicked by short synthetical oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated CpG motifs

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Several classes of CpG ODNs have been identified and can be distinguished by their effects on certain cell types

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. A-class ODNs containing 5’ and 3’ G-rich stretches induce high levels of type I IFN but show low activation of B cell proliferation

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. B-class ODNs activate B cells and TLR9-dependent NF-κB signaling in recombinant cell lines but show low induction of IFN-α. C-class ODNs induce high amounts of IFN-α and activate B cells

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. The recently discovered new P-Class ODNs show similar but superior properties to C-class ODNs

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Control compounds for CpG ODNs share the sequence with their stimulatory counterparts but contain GpC dinucleotides instead of the CpG motifs and thus control for the CpG specificity of the effects.

Applications

This kit is developed for the stimulation of immune cells via the TLR9 receptor. It consists of the following CpG ODNs:
ODN 2216: A-class ODN for activation of pDCs, IFN-α induction from human PBMCs and activation of IFN-signaling pathways.
ODN 2006: B-class ODN for activation of B cells, IL-6 induction from human PBMCs and activtion of NF-κB-signaling pathways.
ODN 2395: C-class ODN for activation of B cells and induction of IFN-α secretion. C class ODNs activate B cells and pDCs.
ODN 21798: P-class ODNs - for superiour activation of pDCs and B cells. P class ODNs activate both, B cells and pDCs with higher efficiency than C-class ODNs.
The Control ODNs (ODN 2243, ODN 2137, ODN 5328, and ODN 23098) can be used as sequence controls for their respective sequence counterparts.

Selected references
1. Hemmi, H. et al. (2000) A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA. Nature 408: 740-745
2. Krieg, A. M. et al. (1995) CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation. Nature 374: 546-549
3. Bauer, S. et al. (2001) Human TLR9 confers responsiveness to bacterial DNA via species-specific CpG motif recognition. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98: 9237-9242
4. Vollmer, J. and A. M. Krieg (2009) Immunotherapeutic applications of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide TLR9 agonists. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 61: 195-204
5. Krug A. et al. Identification of CpG oligonucleotide sequences with high induction of IFN-alpha/beta in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 31: 2154-2163
6. Vollmer J. et al. (2004) Characterization of three CpG oligodeoxynucleotide classes with distinct immunostimulatory activities Eur. J. Immunol. 34: 251-262
7. Samulowitz, U. et al. (2010) A novel class of immune-stimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides unifies high potency in type I interferon induction with preferred structural properties. Oligonucleotides 20: 93-101

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TLR9 Explorer

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Background information

Applications

Selected references

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