Neurotrophin 4 (NT-4), also known as neurotrophin 5 (NT-5), is a member of the neurotrophin family. It shares high structural homology to nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), but they all operate via different high-affinity membrane receptors and differ in target specificity. NT-4 is expressed in the prostate, thymus, placenta, as well as in skeletal muscles and signals predominantly through the TrkB tyrosine receptor kinase. NT-4 shows similar activities as NT-3 and is involved in the development and survival of neurons from the peripheral and central nervous system. Human NT-4 shares 91% amino acid sequence identity with mouse NT-4.