Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) belongs to the BMP family and to the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily. BMPs regulate bone and cartilage development and remodeling, acting on cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of mesenchymal cells. The mature form of BMP-7 is generated by cleavage of the signal peptide and propeptide, and homo-dimerization. BMP-7 is involved in osteoblast differentiation, but also in the regulation of tissue and organ development during embryogenesis of different species, and it is expressed in many organs. BMP-7 is extensively investigated for clinical applications, and recombinant BMP-7 is used in bone regeneration, bone graft, and dental reconstruction. Recombinant Human BMP-7 corresponds to the mature form of BMP-7.